10.5937\/pravzap0-21206<\/a><\/p>\nKEY WORDS<\/strong>
\n<\/span>European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Court of Human Rights, negative obligations, positive obligations, responsibility of states, United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, corporations, transnational companies, human rights violations<\/p>\nABSTRACT\/SUMMARY<\/strong>
\n<\/span>On the one hand, business entities have a huge potential to contribute to economic and social progress and consequently to the advancement of human rights. On the other, violations of human rights connected with business are very common. Although the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) calls upon \u201cevery organ of society\u201d, and thus business entities, to promote respect of human rights, the subsequent international human rights treaties, including the European Convention of Human Rights (the Convention), only oblige States to respect, protect and fulfil human rights.<\/span><\/p>\nAgainst this backdrop, an attempt has been made to analyse the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) with respect to the State\u2019s responsibility for business-related human rights violations.<\/p>\n
The analysis reveals that the State will bear responsibility for business related human rights violations if acts or omissions of a business entity, amounting to a violation of a particular right guaranteed under the Convention, can be directly attributed to that State. This would occur, for instance, in case a company is considered a \u201cgovernmental organisation\u201d or where the State empowers a business entity to perform public authority functions. In this situation, the State would be responsible for violating its negative obligations under the Convention, namely its obligation to refrain from conduct that breach human rights through its own action or those of its agents.<\/p>\n
Furthermore, the State will bear responsibility for business-related human rights violations if it fails: (a) to regulate business activities in order to prevent business-related human rights violations; (b) to investigate business-related human rights violations; and (c) to establish effective remedies for this kind of human rights violations. In these situations, the State would be responsible for violating its positive obligations under the Convention.<\/p>\n
This paper describes the State responsibility for violations of its negative obligations in business and human rights context as a direct responsibility for business-related human rights violations while its responsibility for violation of positive obligations describes as indirect State responsibility for business-related human rights violations.<\/p>\n
The analysis also reveals that despite the Court\u2019s intention to interpret the Convention in accordance with general rules of international law, including rules on the State\u2019s responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, it has its own specific approach. In determining whether the State can be held directly responsible for acts or omissions of business entity the Court combines several criteria. It takes into account: (a) the company\u2019s legal status (under public or private law); (b) the nature of its activity (a public function or an ordinary commercial business); (c) the context of its operation (such as a monopoly); (d) its institutional independence (the extent of State ownership); and (e) its operational independence (the extent of State supervision and control).<\/p>\n
Through the dynamic interpretation of the Convention and the elaboration of the concept of positive obligations, the Court has, to a certain extent, succeeded in providing individual protection at international level for business-related human rights violations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
PRAVNI ZAPISI \u2022 Year X \u2022 No. 1 \u2022 pp. 65-100 STATE\u2019S RESPONSIBILITY FOR BUSINESS-RELATED HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE LIGHT OF THE STRASBOURG COURT\u2019S CASE-LAW Mr Boris Topi\u0107 Ph.D. Candidate, Union University Law School Belgrade, National Anti-Trafficking Officer, OSCE Mission in Bosnia and Hercegovina e-mail: boristopic@yahoo.co.uk . Pravni zapisi, No. 1\/2019, pp. 65-100 Original Scientific Article DOI: 10.5937\/pravzap0-21206 KEY WORDS European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Court of Human Rights, negative obligations, positive obligations, responsibility of states, United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, corporations, transnational companies, human rights violations ABSTRACT\/SUMMARY On the one […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":6269,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-article.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7946","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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Pravni zapisi, No. 1\/2019, pp. 65-100 Original Scientific Article DOI: 10.5937\/pravzap0-21206 KEY WORDS European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Court of Human Rights, negative obligations, positive obligations, responsibility of states, United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, corporations, transnational companies, human rights violations ABSTRACT\/SUMMARY On the one […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pravnizapisi.rs\/svi-brojevi\/pravni-zapisi-1-2019\/7942-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pravni Zapisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-28T22:43:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pravnizapisi.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Naslovna-2019-01.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"586\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"869\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" 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